Category Archives: Research

Submitting for Success: Original Research Article or Brief Report?

by Bryce Ringwald, MD

I was recently working with a research team on a CERA study that had just been completed and data analyzed. The team was reviewing the results of the study in preparation for writing the manuscript. Before typing a single word, our team had a decision to make. We debated for some time and found ourselves toggling between two tabs on the Family Medicine website: Original Research and Brief Report.

It’s a familiar moment in most medical education research studies when the real question becomes: What is the right format for telling this based on the type and quality of the data?

This decision isn’t about prestige or hierarchy. A brief report is not “less than” an original research article. A brief report does not have a lower bar for acceptance than an original research article. It’s simply a different way of communicating scholarship. The challenge is knowing which format fits your study best.

Choosing the right format helps reviewers understand your intentions, helps editors see the value of your work, and helps readers grasp your contribution quickly. It’s also an act of scholarly honesty: matching the scope of your study to the appropriate venue. The format you choose shapes how your work is received, and how effectively it communicates what you’ve learned.

Many family medicine journals (including JABFM and Annals of Family Medicine) have multiple formats and categories to tell the story of the study. Referencing the Author Guidelines is imperative each time you write a manuscript. Here’s a practical breakdown of what the journal Family Medicine looks for in each format.


Original Research ArticleBrief Report
Word limit≤3,000 words≤1,200 words
AbstractStructured, ≤250 wordsStructured, ≤250 words
Tables/figures≤5 combined≤3 combined
References≤75 References≤50 References
Best for– Multi-site studies
– Longitudinal studies
– Mixed-methods or complex designs
– Rich qualitative analyses
– National surveys (CERA)
– Studies with multiple outcomes or substantial methodological detail
– Pilot studies
– Small trials in a single program
-Single-site surveys
– Small descriptive studies
– Early-phase innovations
– Focused qualitative insights that can be conveyed succinctly
Typical features– Full background section
– Detailed methods
– Comprehensive results
– Clear implications for practice, education, or policy
– Tight background (only essential context)
– Streamlined methods
– One primary finding
– Appropriately scoped conclusions

One pattern often seen in submissions is authors trying to force a study into the wrong format. A complex, multi-site project with several outcomes simply can’t be compressed into a brief report without losing essential detail, yet people try. For many they’re hoping for a quicker path to publication. On the flip side, some authors stretch a small, single-site study into an original research article, adding unnecessary background or over-interpreting modest findings to make the work seem more substantial. The editor in chief will notice this and send back manuscripts that are forced into a wrong category prior to peer review. Another frequent issue is overwriting the background section of a brief report; these papers work best when the context is tight and purposeful, not expansive. Perhaps the most common pitfall of all is the temptation to make grand, sweeping conclusions from small datasets. It’s natural to want your work to feel big, but the strongest papers, regardless of format, are the ones that stay true to the scope of the study and let the data speak for themselves.

Writing is hard. Choosing a format is part of that challenge. But both formats are valued, respected, and needed in our discipline. The best choice is the one that captures your data and serves your readers.

When we finally chose to write a Brief Report, it wasn’t because our CERA study was small. It was because the story I needed to tell was focused, clear, and concise. That was exactly the right way to share it.

Your study has a story too. Choose the format that lets it shine.


How to Do a Peer Review: Part One

by Sarina Schrager, MD, MS, Family Medicine Editor-in-Chief and by Jose Rodriguez, MD, FAAFP

As journal editors, we fundamentally believe in peer reviewing. Peer review helps make published papers higher quality. Objective experts and peers often see areas in a manuscript and research study that the authors and editors did not elucidate. Journals in general (and Family Medicine specifically) have a hard time finding peer reviewers. Doing a peer review takes time, is unpaid, and often feels like one more thing for already overwhelmed faculty. On behalf of the editorial team of Family Medicine, we are writing a series of blog posts about why we think you should sign up to be a peer reviewer (Family Medicine), how your expertise can contribute to the mission of the journal, and step-by-step instructions on how to construct a valuable peer review.

Why Was I Asked to Do This Review?
We often hear from early-career faculty that they don’t feel qualified to conduct peer reviews because they aren’t “experts.” Our Associate Editors aim to include a diversity of viewpoints in each manuscript. So, they may ask an expert to comment on the methodology or the statistics. But we also want input from our readers. Yes, you may not be a content area expert, but if you are a reader of the journal, your opinion is valuable. If you didn’t understand some of the paper, then other readers may also not understand. You should feel empowered to include comments to the editor about which aspects of the paper you feel qualified to comment on. I will often state, “I am not a statistician, but the numbers do not make sense to me.” If it doesn’t make sense to you, it may not make sense to others, so we want to know!

Getting Started
If you do not know where to start, go to the reviewer page on the journal’s website. There is a lot of material about how to do a peer review. Alternatively, you can ask a senior colleague or mentor for help. If you feel comfortable doing the review, then the first step is to read the paper. Most people recommend reading the paper through to the end the first time and not getting bogged down with comments or questions.

The first questions to ask yourself after you read the paper the first time are: 

1. Did this make sense?

2. Does it add to the field?

3. Does it matter?

4. Is it written well?

Often, we don’t notice if a paper is written well, but we do see if it is written in an unclear manner or if there are typos or grammatical errors. Those errors, while easily corrected, usually signal that the manuscript needs more work.

The Second Time Through  
After you have done a full read of the paper and answered some general questions to yourself, it is time to reread it. This time, when you read it, we want you to focus on all the details. We want reviewers to pay attention to the details of every section of the paper. The following two blogs will go section by section with descriptions of what to look for and how to provide feedback.

How to Organize Your Review
This is a matter of personal preference. Some reviewers organize their reviews by section. So, they start the review with comments on the title and continue with comments on the abstract, the introduction, the methods, the results, the discussion, the tables, the conclusion, and the references. Other reviewers prefer a more “free form” review, using bullet points or a numbered list to capture all the comments for each section. But, bottom line, we want reviewers to carefully assess all these sections of the paper. As editors, we must see in your review that you read the paper. A one-sentence review that is general, like “this was a great paper” or “this paper is not acceptable,” without comments on each section or other specific evaluative statements, is not helpful in the evaluation of a paper.

Tone and Goal of the Review
The overall goal of any peer review is to make the paper better. As such, we ask that you frame your feedback in a constructive manner and avoid disparaging comments. SS once had a reviewer say, “if the authors had only read the literature, they wouldn’t have made this mistake.” A better way of phrasing that same sentiment would be, “I suggest that the authors review these papers to get a different perspective on the subject.” These two phrases say essentially the same thing, but one is much more respectful. Remember, academic family medicine is a small community. Treat the authors as if they knew it was you writing the review, and keep your comments constructive and respectful.

The next two blogs will review how to evaluate specific sections of the paper in your review.

Getting the Most Out of Your Next Professional Meeting

By Joanna Drowos DO, MPH, MBA and Mandi Sehgal MD

Recently a large group of faculty from the Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine at Florida Atlantic University, including physicians from various specialties and other health professions educators, attended the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine (STFM) Conference on Medical Student Education, in Jacksonville, Florida. For us as family physicians, being able to engage our colleagues, both inside and outside of our specialty, was a great way to showcase STFM, develop new collaborations, and advance in our careers.

Being at this meeting together, away from our home institution, provided opportunities to increase rapport and morale amongst our group. Given that so many of us attended and presented our work, our college took notice and pride.

We present here lessons learned and our suggestions on how to take advantage of the opportunity to attend, present, and/or network at professional meetings. We will use our experience at STFM as an example.

Continue reading →