Author Archives: stfmguestblogger

How to Do a Peer Review: Part One

by Jose Rodriguez, MD, FAAFP, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN

As journal editors, we fundamentally believe in peer reviewing. Peer review helps make published papers higher quality. Objective experts and peers often see areas in a manuscript and research study that the authors and editors did not elucidate. Journals in general (and Family Medicine specifically) have a hard time finding peer reviewers. Doing a peer review takes time, is unpaid, and often feels like one more thing for already overwhelmed faculty. On behalf of the editorial team of Family Medicine, we are writing a series of blog posts about why we think you should sign up to be a peer reviewer (Family Medicine), how your expertise can contribute to the mission of the journal, and step-by-step instructions on how to construct a valuable peer review.

Why Was I Asked to Do This Review?
We often hear from early-career faculty that they don’t feel qualified to conduct peer reviews because they aren’t “experts.” Our Associate Editors aim to include a diversity of viewpoints in each manuscript. So, they may ask an expert to comment on the methodology or the statistics. But we also want input from our readers. Yes, you may not be a content area expert, but if you are a reader of the journal, your opinion is valuable. If you didn’t understand some of the paper, then other readers may also not understand. You should feel empowered to include comments to the editor about which aspects of the paper you feel qualified to comment on. I will often state, “I am not a statistician, but the numbers do not make sense to me.” If it doesn’t make sense to you, it may not make sense to others, so we want to know!

Getting Started
If you do not know where to start, go to the reviewer page on the journal’s website. There is a lot of material about how to do a peer review. Alternatively, you can ask a senior colleague or mentor for help. If you feel comfortable doing the review, then the first step is to read the paper. Most people recommend reading the paper through to the end the first time and not getting bogged down with comments or questions.

The first questions to ask yourself after you read the paper the first time are: 

1. Did this make sense?

2. Does it add to the field?

3. Does it matter?

4. Is it written well?

Often, we don’t notice if a paper is written well, but we do see if it is written in an unclear manner or if there are typos or grammatical errors. Those errors, while easily corrected, usually signal that the manuscript needs more work.

The Second Time Through  
After you have done a full read of the paper and answered some general questions to yourself, it is time to reread it. This time, when you read it, we want you to focus on all the details. We want reviewers to pay attention to the details of every section of the paper. The following two blogs will go section by section with descriptions of what to look for and how to provide feedback.

How to Organize Your Review
This is a matter of personal preference. Some reviewers organize their reviews by section. So, they start the review with comments on the title and continue with comments on the abstract, the introduction, the methods, the results, the discussion, the tables, the conclusion, and the references. Other reviewers prefer a more “free form” review, using bullet points or a numbered list to capture all the comments for each section. But, bottom line, we want reviewers to carefully assess all these sections of the paper. As editors, we must see in your review that you read the paper. A one-sentence review that is general, like “this was a great paper” or “this paper is not acceptable,” without comments on each section or other specific evaluative statements, is not helpful in the evaluation of a paper.

Tone and Goal of the Review
The overall goal of any peer review is to make the paper better. As such, we ask that you frame your feedback in a constructive manner and avoid disparaging comments. SS once had a reviewer say, “if the authors had only read the literature, they wouldn’t have made this mistake.” A better way of phrasing that same sentiment would be, “I suggest that the authors review these papers to get a different perspective on the subject.” These two phrases say essentially the same thing, but one is much more respectful. Remember, academic family medicine is a small community. Treat the authors as if they knew it was you writing the review, and keep your comments constructive and respectful.

The next two blogs will review how to evaluate specific sections of the paper in your review.

Crafting Narratives for Publication

By Sara Shields, MD
associate editor
,
Family Medicine

You’ve had a defining clinical, teaching, or learning experience in your role as a family physician educator, clinician or student.  Someone suggests that you write about it. Here are some pearls for crafting your reflective piece in hopes of publication in a journal like Family Medicine that accepts such narrative work.

  • What story are you trying to tell? Just as with any written piece, consider first your content. What are your key themes (keeping in mind that any word limit may mean focusing on just one theme)?  Consider the readership of the journal—how would a medical student on a family medicine rotation respond to your story? How would a seasoned family medicine faculty member?
  • Avoid judgment–In general, an effective narrative piece is a personal story that shares a particular learning point, but does so without editorializing or requiring references.  How can your writing avoid judgment even as you elucidate and emphasize what you hope the reader will learn with you in your story?
  • Focus on the writing–In narratives, the “methods” of your writing enrich your themes and help them resonate for your readers.  The term “methods” refers to the craft of the writing—how are you using language to move your meaning along?  While avoiding redundancies or complicated phrasing is important, your writing may “sing” more to your readers with careful use of specific literary devices such as metaphor, alliteration, rhythm, or repetition of key words.  No matter whether you are choosing prose or poetry, remember the adage “show, don’t tell” –how can you describe people or events in ways that invoke the reader’s sensory or emotional response rather than simply stating what happened?
  • Every word matters–Especially for formats with strict word counts such as 6 word stories or 55 word essays, every word needs to move your story along. 
  • Circle back to the meaning—When looking at every word,do not lose sight of the totality of the essay.  Does this piece make sense overall?  Does it still say what you want it to say?
  • Do your homework–If your themes seem like they are common in narrative work (e.g. a physician’s experience of their own illness), you may want to look for similar pieces and think about how your story offers new angles or reflections compared to other similar work.  What can you contribute that may be new or surprising for readers?
  • Ask a friend or colleague to read your story–Consider asking someone to read your work before submitting it, to help assess both the content/themes and your storytelling style.  Do these readers resonate with your language?  Your themes?
  • You may need permission__If you describe a patient or learner scenario with enough detail, you may need to get their permission to submit your story for possible publication.
  • Don’t lose yourself–Be authentic; challenge yourself to dig deeply into both personal and professional lessons from your story.   How can you help the reader to consider multiple perspectives?

Reference: Walling A, Shapiro J, Ast T. What Makes a Good Reflective Paper? Fam Med 2012;45(1):7-12.

Reflections on Participation in Community Outreach Event

By Sarah Willoughby, LCSW, Freeman Health System

On Sunday, Sept 7, 2025, I attended a community outreach event hosted by the Neighborhood Resilience Project in collaboration with McAuley Ministries and the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine (STFM). This was a partnership through the 2025 STFM Conference on Practice & Quality Improvement in Pittsburgh, PA.

I rode to the main site with Marisol Valentin, the director of McAuley Ministries, who told me about the sad history of the Hill District of Pittsburgh and the area’s increased poverty, violence, and other problems. Then we met Father Paul Abernathy, who had the vision to start the Neighborhood Resilience Project—a trauma-informed community development nonprofit.

He provided a tour of the medical/behavioral health facility and led a round table discussion along with one of the McAuley Ministries board members, two volunteer physicians, chief administrator, the nursing director, and the volunteer coordinator. Together, they described their work in revitalizing the Hill community—a neighborhood negatively affected by gentrification.

Father Abernathy and others realized residents of this neighborhood have experienced individual and community trauma, which is affecting their emotional and physical health. I loved their focus “to promote resilient, healing and healthy communities so that people can be healthy enough to sustain opportunities and realize their potential.” I have spent my entire career—35 years—doing this in various rural and urban areas.

During the last 15 years, the Neighborhood Resilience Project has worked with community members, leaders, volunteers, and donors to strengthen the community by focusing on three pillars:

  • Community Support
  • Health and Well-Being
  • Leadership Development

The Neighborhood Resilience Project’s motto is to engage community members to transform them into a resilient, healing, and healthy community. Programs include a free Health Care Center, a Trauma Response Program, a Backpack Feeding Program, and, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a Vaccination Collaborative.

Father Abernathy was working in a predominantly black and underserved community in Pittsburgh and regularly interacting with men, women, and children who had repeatedly experienced multiple forms of trauma. He was a combat veteran of the Iraq War and realized that trauma in the form of hunger, abuse, homelessness, lack of opportunity, racism, lack of health care, and violence greatly informed the worldview and culture of the community.

Understanding that trauma was the greatest barrier facing the development of his community, Father Abernathy began to ask the question, “how do you heal an entire community that has been inundated with trauma for generations?”

Here are some of the Neighborhood Resilience Project’s recent accomplishments:

  1. Through 2021, the organization has helped facilitate more than 2,500 COVID-19 vaccinations, deployed more than 60 times to homicides related to gun violence, provided more than 14,000 items of food and 5,000 clothing items, provided more than $23,000 in emergency relief and document recovery, and had close to 200 volunteer hours through clinicians alone such as to provide free care to the uninsured in the region.
  2. The organization has hosted groups from across the nation who had been previously trained in the Trauma Informed Community Development Framework for a Summit in June 2021.
  3. The organization utilized “Micro-Community Interventions” in the Hill District and saw an improvement in overall well-being as analyzed by the well-being tool, “ImHealthy.”
  4. The organization has renovated its Free Health Center space to double in size and now offers medical and dental care.
  5. In partnership with the Jefferson Regional Foundation, the Neighborhood Resilience Project is rolling out work in the Mon-Valley – first by training one cohort from the McKeesport, Clairton and Duquesne neighborhoods (for a total of three cohorts) in the Trauma Informed Community Development Framework and then coaching those cohorts through the roll-out phase.

Visiting the Neighborhood Resilience Project and meeting key team members was inspiring to me personally and professionally. We’d like our community residents in the Joplin, MO, area to be healthier, and we struggle to find ways to do this. In April, we had a serious storm in our rural area, causing damage to trees, fences, homes, and sheds. Just this week, a woman whose farm is still significantly damaged and whose life has seriously been impacted told her story.

This “Trauma Informed Community Development” (TICD) model in our community might be helpful to Joplin, as many were devastated by the EF5 tornado in 2011 that killed more than 200 people. I plan to meet with someone from the Neighborhood Resilience Project in the next month and learn more about the imHealthy tool and ”micro interventions” we might be able to implement in our community.