Tag Archives: writing

Optimize the Chances of Getting Your Research Published

by Jen Lochner, MD; Valerie Gilchrist, MD; Sarina Schrager, MD, MS

Research is purposeful curiosity. Every day, we encounter questions about our work, but turning those questions into formal investigations can feel like a leap. A quality improvement (QI) project often begins with questions like, “Why is it this way? Can we do it differently?” Family Medicine publishes research and QI projects focused on medical education and faculty development. This blog post will guide you from asking a question to creating a successful, publishable product. By following these steps, you’re more likely to answer your question and share your findings.

  1. Developing a research question: The first step in any scholarly project is to come up with an effective research question. Albert Einstein stated, “Imagination is the highest form of research.” Being creative to develop a question may be the most important part of the whole process. One mnemonic to make sure that your question is the best it can be is FINER:
    • F—Feasible. Can this question be answered? Do you need millions of $ to do the project? Or can it be done with a reasonable budget?
    • I—Interesting. Do others care about your question?
    • N—Novel. Has this been done before?
    • E—Ethical. Will your project impact subjects in a way that is detrimental?
    • R—Relevant. Does the research question and subsequent research matter to family medicine or primary care.
  2. Do Your Homework:
    Start by thoroughly understanding your question. Why are you interested in it? How will it impact learners, colleagues, or patients? What assumptions are you making? Write them down. Ask yourself “Why?” at least three times to dig deeper. Then, check if others have explored the same question. Consult peers and conduct a literature review. If the question remains unanswered or insufficiently addressed, ask a medical librarian to refine your search. Many online resources, including STFM, can help you develop hypotheses for educational projects. https://www.stfm.org/media/1824/research-minute-25-writing-hypotheses_1.pdf.
    Once you have a strong research question and a hypothesis that addresses what you think is the answer to your question, you are ready to go to the next step.
  3. Build a Team:
    What if you’re unsure about the baseline data to collect? Or lack expertise in analyzing data from your EHR? Or haven’t had formal training in education but are interested in improving a curriculum? You don’t need to become a statistician or earn a degree in education to contribute to research—though you certainly can. Most organizations have experts you can partner with. The STFM Collaboratives are a great resource for finding collaborators. A team strengthens your project by bringing in new perspectives. “You don’t know what you don’t know!” Collaborating not only enhances your work, but it’s also more enjoyable and can increase the impact of your results.
  4. Plan to Publish From the Start:
    From the outset, approach your project with the goal of sharing your findings. Your investigation should be designed to answer the question in a way that’s at least presentable, and ideally, publishable. As journal editors, we look for the following when evaluating papers:’
    • Is the topic important? Will it contribute to the literature and help learners, teachers, or practitioners?
    • Is the research well done? Do the conclusions seem credible?
    • Is the paper well written? Is it easy to understand? (Questions from Josh Freeman)
  5. Begin With the End in Mind:
    Passion can drive us to dive into a project quickly, assuming that our idea is an improvement on the existing process. Without baseline data though, we can’t definitively say whether the changes are improvements worth spreading. By pausing at the beginning of your project to envision the end result, you’ll recognize the importance of defining important outcomes and collecting baseline data. Simple steps taken early on will allow you to rigorously assess the impact of your work and increase the likelihood of publication.

    We want you to be successful in your research and we want to be able to publish your paper
    so that you can share your work with colleagues.

Getting Started With Your Writing: Finding Your Voice

By Sarina Schrager, MD, MS, 
Family Medicine editor-in-chief

I will often talk to groups of junior faculty, fellows, residents, and students about writing. When I say enthusiastically, that writing is fun, I am faced with a sea of skeptical faces.  Is writing fun?  Well, for most people the answer is no. Why not?  Because it is hard and for many of us no one has taught us how to do it. One of my favorite quotes about writing is by Ernest Hemingway. He said, “We are all apprentices in a craft where no one ever becomes a master.”  Well, that’s frustrating you may say. If I can’t become a master, why bother?  My answer is that seeing your work in print is worth the effort. The process of writing and editing and developing a strong final product is very satisfying. You have something to say and writing is an excellent way to share your ideas with a broader public. So, how do we get started?  

  1. Just start writing.  No one is born a great writer and the only way to get better is to practice.  Think about what you want to write and start writing. You can practice when writing for work (craft well worded e-mails for example) or in your every-day life.
  2. Try writing short academic pieces like case reports or book reviews or letters to the editor. These forms of writing are less intimidating because they are short and very structured.  Family Medicine has a new article type called Family Medicine Focus. This infographic is less than 500 words and covers a narrow, specific topic on education or professional development. (Family Medicine (stfm.org))
  3. Think about how you want to structure your work. People have different techniques for planning out a writing project.  Many people use outlines. Some people will use bulleted lists of headings or topics to cover.  Some people start writing at the end and then go back and craft the beginning of their writing. Others will start with the section that is easiest for them—just to get something down on paper.
  4. Give up perfectionism. This may sound simple, but it is hard to be a good writer if you get lost in trying to find the perfect words.  Start off by just writing. If you want to dictate and then transcribe, that can help you put your ideas down on paper. Then, you can edit, craft your argument, and look for clear ways of communicating. Pulling out the thesaurus does not come until you are a couple of revisions into the process.
  5. Ask for help. Yikes, this is a hard thing to do.  But, asking a friend, colleague or family member to read your work before sending it into a journal can get you honest feedback that will improve your writing. It may be painful, but better to address weaknesses in your writing first rather than getting rejected from a journal.
  6. Find your voice. Writing takes a lot of time and can be frustrating if you are not writing about a topic that you care about. Look around you and explore writing about your teaching, your patient care, your work experiences, or your research. You have a story to tell!
  7. Finding a time to write.  For many of us, clinical duties, teaching responsibilities, and administrative tasks take precedence and writing and scholarship quickly fall down the “to do” list. The most prolific writers have one thing in common and that is that they designate time to write. It may not be daily, or even weekly, but if you talk to someone who writes a lot, they will tell you that they block off their calendar to write. Evaluate how, where, and when you work best and take advantage of that. I often recommend a 2009 article in the Emergency Medicine literature entitled, “Tuesdays to Write”.   The author talks about designating Tuesdays for academic time and blocking off the entire day to write.  Obviously, that is not possible for many of us, but the concept is alluring. Look ahead at your calendar. Are there mornings or afternoons that you can block off to write?  
  8. Keep practicing. Maya Angelou said, “Do the best you can until you know better. Then when you know better, do better.”  Start writing for yourself and as you get better at it, share it with your colleagues and the broader family medicine community.  

Reference:

  1. Lowenstein SR. Tuesdays to write … A guide to time management in academic emergency medicine. Acad Emerg Med. 2009 Feb;16(2):165-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00337.x. Epub 2008 Dec 30.

Why Should I Be a Peer Reviewer?

Sarina Schrager, MD, MS
Editor-in -Chief, Family Medicine

Family Medicine, along with most other scientific journals, depends on volunteer peer reviewers to assure that we are publishing high quality papers. The act of peer reviewing advances the science of family medicine. Our editorial team is looking for a diversity of opinions and voices to assure the excellence of our published papers. I love peer reviewers and tell everyone I work with that they should volunteer to be one. Now, I am a little biased (being an editor of a journal that depends on peer reviewers), but I can’t overstate the important contributions of peer reviewers to the publication of our journal. So, if you already volunteer your time to do peer review, thank you. If you have not done any peer reviews, then let me tell you why you should.

First, being a peer reviewer will help you become a better writer and scholar. Reviewers may be inspired by positive attributes of papers while avoiding mistakes identified during the review. By reading what other people do, the way that they write and even how they do the research, you can decide what works and what you would do differently and then incorporate what you learn into your next paper. You can also learn about research methodology by reading about how others conducted studies. 

Peer reviewing can also help you learn about the publishing process and about science itself by reading what other reviewers and the associate editor says about a paper, and seeing what ends up getting published.  I always learn by reading reviewer comments and am excited when other reviewers had similar feedback to my own.

Second, being a peer reviewer can help your career.  It is an accomplishment that you can put on your CV and some journals will send a letter to your dean or chair recognizing you as a peer reviewer.   Also, if you do a good job with the review, you will be asked to review some more.  Potentially, you may be asked to be on the editorial board of the journal where you do peer reviews.   If you are interested in becoming an associate editor at a journal, the Editor in Chief will look at how many reviews you have done and whether they were high quality as a metric of your application. Being a peer reviewer can also build connections for future collaborations.   This is one way that you build your professional reputation.

Lastly, being a peer reviewer helps the discipline. By reading papers submitted to the journal, you will learn what is important in family medicine and what other scholars are studying in your area of interest.   You will be able to impact the quality of the papers that the journal publishes.  There is something very satisfying about seeing a paper in print that you reviewed because you helped make it as good as it is.

Doing a high-quality review does take time. The time needed to do a review will depend on the type of article (ie, an original research paper will take longer than a brief report or narrative because is it longer). Most people spend 1-3 hours on a review depending on the complexity of the article, your familiarity with the topic, and experience doing peer reviews. It is time well spent! Even one review a year greatly helps our journal.

We appreciate that people volunteer their time to do peer reviews and hope that we have helped convince you to sign up. Your voice is important. You bring unique skills and experience and can contribute to the excellence of our journal. You can sign up to be a reviewer at https://journals.stfm.org/familymedicine/reviewers/